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|term_start1 = 14 March 2003 |term_end1 = 28 August 2014 |predecessor1 = Abdullah Gül |successor1 = Ahmet Davutoğlu |office2 = Leader of the Justice and Development Party |term_start2 = 14 August 2001 |term_end2 = 27 August 2014 |deputy2 = Mehmet Ali Şahin Numan Kurtulmuş |predecessor2 = ''Position established'' |successor2 = Ahmet Davutoğlu |office3 = |term_start3 = 9 March 2003 |term_end3 = 28 August 2014 |constituency3 = Siirt (2003 by-election) Istanbul (I) (2007, 2011) |office4 = Mayor of Istanbul |term_start4 = 27 March 1994 |term_end4 = 6 November 1998 |predecessor4 = Nurettin Sözen |successor4 = Ali Müfit Gürtuna |birth_date = |birth_place = Istanbul, Turkey |party = National Salvation Party Welfare Party Virtue Party Justice and Development Party |spouse = |children = Ahmet Burak Sümeyye Necmettin Bilal Esra |alma_mater = Marmara University (''disputed'') |religion = Sunni Islam |signature = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan signature.png |website = (Government website ) (Personal website ) }} Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (; born 26 February 1954) is the 12th and current President of Turkey, in office since 2014. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as the Mayor of İstanbul from 1994 to 1998. Originating from an Islamist political background and as a self-described conservative democrat, his administration has overseen social conservative and liberal economic policies. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001 and led it to three general election victories in 2002, 2007 and 2011 before standing down as leader upon his election as President in 2014. He is widely expected to pursue his political agenda while his new Prime Minister, Ahmet Davutoğlu, takes a more docile approach. A semi-professional footballer playing for Kasımpaşa Spor Kulübü between 1969 and 1982 and a National Turkish Student Union member in his younger days, Erdoğan was elected as the Mayor of İstanbul from the Islamist Welfare Party.〔 He was banned from office and sentenced to prison for 10 months after reciting a religiously intolerant poem in Siirt Province in 1998.〔 Abandoning openly Islamist politics, he founded AKP in 2001, leading it to winning almost a two-thirds parliamentary majority in the 2002 general election. Abdullah Gül became Prime Minister and served until his government annulled Erdoğan's political ban with the help of Republican People's Party, allowing him to run for Parliament in a by-election and to take over as Prime Minister in March 2003. As part of his '2023 vision' for the centenary of the establishment of the Turkish Republic, Erdoğan's government oversaw accession negotiations for Turkey’s membership of the European Union, an economic recovery following a financial crash in 2001, two successful constitutional referendums in 2007 and 2010, a Solution process with Kurdish militants, an allegedly Neo-Ottoman foreign policy and investments in infrastructure that included new roads, airports and a high-speed train network. With the help of Fethullah Gülen's Cemaat Movement, Erdoğan was able to curb the political power of the military through the controversial ''Sledgehammer'' and ''Ergenekon'' court cases. Child poverty rose to 63.5% while Turkey suffered the highest number or workers' deaths in Europe, with 301 miners being killed in a mine disaster in Soma. The nationwide Gezi Park protests broke out in 2013 against the growing authoritarianism of Erdoğan's government. An internationally criticised crackdown on protestors by the police and AKP youth members led to 22 deaths, resulting in Gülen withdrawing support from the AKP and EU ascension talks stalling. A US$100 billion government corruption scandal in 2013 led to the arrests of Erdoğan's close allies, with Erdoğan himself incriminated after a recording was released on social media. Blaming the scandal on a coup attempt by a parallel structure formed of Gülen's supporters in high judicial offices, Erdoğan implemented large-scale reforms to the police and judicial systems that were criticised for placing the judiciary's independence in doubt. Twitter, Facebook and YouTube were also blocked and Erdoğan has since come under increased scrutiny for media censorship, large-scale electoral fraud, constitutional violations, illegally constructing Ak Saray, the world's largest palace on Atatürk Forest Farm and Zoo for his own use, curbing human rights in Turkey, demeaning the rule of law and was even accused of high treason for his role in the 2014 National Intelligence Organisation scandal in Turkey.〔http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2015/gundem/erdogana-vatana-ihanettten-suc-duyurusu-845274/?utm_source=sm_fb&utm_medium=free&utm_term=haber&utm_content=erdogana-vatana-ihanettten-suc-duyurusu-845274&utm_campaign=gundem〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cumhuriyet Gazetesi - (Video) Türkiye'yi sarsan kaset: İşte Başbakan ve Bilal'in ses kaydı! )〕 Opposition journalists and politicians have thus branded him a dictator. On the other hand, Erdogan is sometimes regarded as "Reis" (means chief in Turkish), "Uzun Adam" (tall man) and "Usta" (master) among his supporters. ==Personal life and education== (詳細はKasımpaşa neighborhood of Istanbul to which his family had moved from Rize Province. Erdoğan allegedly said in 2003, "I'm a Georgian, my family is a Georgian family which migrated from Batumi to Rize."〔(Turkish text: ''Ben de Gürcü'yüm, ailemiz Batum'dan Rize'ye göç etmiş bir Gürcü ailesidir.'') Bülent Sarıoğlu, ''Milliyet'', 13 December 2005.〕 However, in a 2014 televised interview on the NTV news network, he said, "You wouldn't believe the things they have said about me. They have said I am Georgian...even with much uglier things, they have called me Armenian, but I am Turkish." Erdoğan spent his early childhood in Rize, where his father was a member of the Turkish Coast Guard. The family returned to Istanbul when Erdoğan was 13 years old.〔 As a teenager, he sold lemonade and sesame buns (simit) on the streets of the city's rougher districts to earn extra money.〔 Brought up in an observant Muslim family, Erdoğan graduated from Kasımpaşa Piyale primary school in 1965, and İmam Hatip school, a religious vocational high school, in 1973. He received his high school diploma from Eyüp High School. He subsequently studied Business Administration at the Aksaray School of Economics and Commercial Sciences (now known as Marmara University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences). In his youth, Erdoğan played semi-professional football at a local club.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Life story )〕 Fenerbahçe wanted him to transfer to the club but his father prevented it. The stadium of the local football club in the district where he grew up, Kasımpaşa S.K. is named after him. Erdoğan married Emine Gülbaran (born 1955, Siirt) on 4 July 1978. They have two sons; Ahmet Burak and Necmettin Bilal, and two daughters, Esra and Sümeyye.〔 His father, Ahmet Erdoğan, died in 1988 and his 88-year-old mother, Tenzile Erdoğan, died in 2011. He is a member of the Community of İskenderpaşa, a Turkish sufistic community of Naqshbandi tariqah.〔(Eurasia Review: "The Naqshbandi-Khalidi Order And Political Islam In Turkey – Analysis" By Hudson Institue ) September 5, 2015〕〔(Insight Turkey: "Islam, Conservatism, and Democracy in Turkey: Comparing Turgut Özal and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" by METİN HEPER ) February 15, 2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Recep Tayyip Erdoğan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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